{"id":736,"date":"2020-07-26T14:49:40","date_gmt":"2020-07-26T07:49:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/ThanhGas2\/?p=736"},"modified":"2021-06-17T14:04:53","modified_gmt":"2021-06-17T07:04:53","slug":"tin-tuc-demo-kiem-tra-so-luong-ky-tu-cho-phep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thanhgas.com.vn\/?p=736","title":{"rendered":"CO2<\/sub>: \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n

Trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 kh\u00ed. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, carbonate h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t v\u00e0 bia l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m qua. Kh\u00ed c\u0169ng gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u01a1 h\u00f3a b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebft r\u00f3t. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ni-t\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gas s\u1ebd ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Carbon dioxide (CO2) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng v\u00e0 bia t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1879\u00a0 – \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m CO2 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam CO2 – n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ga – \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. C\u00e1c kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Nit\u01a1 (N2) v\u00e0 Argon (Ar), c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cacbonat h\u00f3a, kh\u00ed ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u01a1 ho\u00e1 – lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf oxy v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00ed l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i, d\u1ec5 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, CO2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 1 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m cho th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh. \u1ede n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao, CO2 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng k\u00ecm khu\u1ea9n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed CO2 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u00e0m d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e1 kh\u00f4 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 -78 \u0111\u1ed9 C, m\u1ed7i kg CO2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 570 kJ n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 Argon c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, trung t\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i, kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf Oxy trong b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng. Nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 Argon, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 CO2, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Oxy, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf oxy ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 oxy ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Cacbonat h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cacbonat l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f2a tan CO2 trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 bia (kho\u1ea3ng 5g\/l), n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t (5 \u0111\u1ebfn 9g\/l) v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt (kho\u1ea3ng 2,5g \/l). M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cacbonat h\u00f3a, hay l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CO2 h\u00f2a tan, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0 tan. Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eed kh\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cacbonat h\u00f3a. Trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p khi di\u1ec5n ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean t\u00ednh h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m chu\u1ea9n. \u0110\u1ed9 ho\u00e0 tan t\u1eeb 4g\/l (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bia ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng) cho \u0111\u1ebfn 14g\/l (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt ho\u1eb7c r\u01b0\u1ee3u s\u00e2m banh).<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh trong \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0 tan CO2 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u1ed3n hay ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o ng\u1ecdt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00e3o h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a CO2. \u0110\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a 7g CO2 trong 1 l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 2,5 bar \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 5 \u0111\u1ed9 C.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/p>\n

Hay trong m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, CO2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1p th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, CO2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o h\u00f2a tan trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u00e3o h\u00f2a. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ga trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u00fd do x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CO2 cao. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u00e1y tr\u1ed9n t\u0129nh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00f2i phun \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho vi\u1ec7c h\u00f2a tan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp CO2 trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec7t \u1ea9n ho\u00e1 h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ed3n CO2 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cacbonat h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

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S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a kh\u00ed v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u1edbi qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kim lo\u1ea1i x\u1ed1p, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00eau k\u1ebft*. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c bong b\u00f3ng kh\u00ed m\u1ecbn, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cacbonat h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed CO2 m\u1ecbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a v\u00f2i s\u1ee5c nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f2a tan b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

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Tr\u01a1 ho\u00e1<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01a1 ho\u00e1 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u01a1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam c\u00e1c kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 v\u00e0o. Trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, tr\u01a1 ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf oxy trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n kh\u1ecfi chai ch\u1ee9a ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, oxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m, m\u00f9i v\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Nit\u01a1, CO2 v\u00e0 Argon l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 trong ng\u00e0nh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng r\u1ed7ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 nh\u01b0 Nit\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c CO2 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 pha lo\u00e3ng mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Oxy trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea5p 1,3 \u0111\u1ebfn 3 l\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 t\u00edch b\u00ecnh, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01a1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. B\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1ecfng, thon d\u00e0i d\u1ec5 tr\u01a1 ho\u00e1 h\u01a1n b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ec3 l\u1edbn so v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u cao, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ch\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng, l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u01a1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n (kh\u00f4ng gian ph\u00eda tr\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m – kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda tr\u00ean – b\u1ecb tr\u01a1 ra). \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u01a1 ho\u00e1 th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a, kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o qua l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a sao cho kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1ecb d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tho\u00e1t ra ph\u00eda tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u01a1 ho\u00e1 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a r\u1ed7ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 1 bar, \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1% oxy c\u00f2n s\u00f3t, c\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng 3m3 N2, trong khi v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y 1 ph\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y 1% oxy s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 5m3 N2 m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t <\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n Oxy trong b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a ra ngo\u00e0i. Khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ebft r\u00f3t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1p, m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 1,1m3 N2 cho m\u1ed7i m3 kh\u00ed r\u00fat ra. Khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ea7y, kh\u00ed d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 \u00e1p.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1p v\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 300 mbar, m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 l\u00e0 1,3 m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i tr\u00ean 1 m3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng nhau th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c van th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebft t\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c bong b\u00f3ng kh\u00ed m\u1ecbn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf oxy kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nit\u01a1.<\/p>\n

N\u1ea1p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebft r\u00f3t \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng. Quy tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1i \u0111a s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn oxy trong \u0111\u1ed5 u\u1ed1ng. Hai trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u1ea1p qu\u00e1 \u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u00fat ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Quy t\u1eafc 1: N\u1ea1p qu\u00e1 \u00e1p<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Chai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed tr\u01a1. \u0110\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng d\u1ecdc theo th\u00e0nh b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a chai gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 co l\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 oxy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 0,2 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,3 miligam m\u1ed7i chai. Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng thu h\u1ed3i kh\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1p, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng gas ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 g\u1ea5p hai \u0111\u1ebfn ba l\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 t\u00edch b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Quy t\u1eafc 2: H\u00fat ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u00fat ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng chai, sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ea1p kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng Nit\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c CO2\u00a0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o chai. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n th\u1ec3 t\u00edch b\u00ecnh. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy d\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 0,1 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,2 miligam\/b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ga v\u00e0o th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb phun tia l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng trong chai kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a Oxy.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (frit) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nit\u01a1 d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ea7y. Do Nit\u01a1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan th\u1ea5p trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed N2 m\u1ecbn n\u1ed5i l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh chai, chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Oxy tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00f3ng n\u1eafp. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c chai n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n Oxy. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ga v\u00ec Nit\u01a1 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y CO2 ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

\u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng lon v\u00e0 chai nh\u1ef1a PET<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lon n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t v\u00e0 chai PET th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ga kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau n\u1ebfu \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt Nit\u01a1 l\u1ecfng l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ni\u00eam phong. S\u1ef1 bay h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt Nit\u01a1 l\u00e0m cho \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong b\u00ecnh k\u00edn t\u0103ng l\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a. Nit\u01a1 trong kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng Trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 kh\u00ed. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, carbonate h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t v\u00e0 bia l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed30<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1680,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[73,74,57],"class_list":["post-736","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorised","tag-beer","tag-cocacola","tag-sodium-carbonate"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thanhgas.com.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/736","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thanhgas.com.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thanhgas.com.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thanhgas.com.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thanhgas.com.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=736"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/thanhgas.com.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/736\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1685,"href":"https:\/\/thanhgas.com.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/736\/revisions\/1685"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thanhgas.com.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1680"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thanhgas.com.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=736"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thanhgas.com.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=736"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thanhgas.com.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=736"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}