Carbon Dioxide Gas
CARBON DIOXIDE GAS (CO₂) & INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a chemical compound composed of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. In solid form, it is widely known as dry ice.
CO₂ originates from volcanic emissions, organic combustion, aerobic respiration, and microbial fermentation. Plants absorb CO₂ during photosynthesis to produce carbohydrates and release oxygen back into the atmosphere, forming the natural carbon cycle.
🧪 Physical & Chemical Properties
- Characteristics: Colorless gas with a density of 1.98 kg/m³ at 25°C (1.5 times heavier than air). High concentration inhalation causes a sour taste due to carbonic acid formation in saliva.
- Reactivity: Completely oxidized compound; non-flammable and does not support combustion.
- Sublimation: Condenses into white dry ice crystals below -78°C. Liquefies under pressures above 5.1 bar. At atmospheric pressure, it sublimates directly from solid to gas.
- Solubility: Soluble in water, partially forming carbonic acid which dissociates into bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) and carbonate (CO₃²⁻) ions.
💡 Key Applications
- Food & Beverage: Refrigeration/preservation using dry ice; carbonation of soft drinks, soda, beer, and sparkling wines.
- Firefighting & Pressurization: Fire extinguishers (especially electrical fires); pressurizing life vests, airguns, and bicycle tires.
- Industrial & Welding: Shielding gas in MIG welding (shipbuilding, mechanical fabrication); active medium in CO₂ gas lasers.
- Pharmaceuticals & Medical: Supercritical CO₂ extraction for essential oils; 5% CO₂ added to oxygen for respiratory therapy.
- Oil Recovery: Reduces crude oil viscosity underground to enhance extraction flow.
📋 Technical Specifications
| GRADE |
CO₂ – 2.8 |
CO₂ – 4.0 |
CO₂ – 5.0 |
| Purity (%) |
≥ 99.8% |
≥ 99.99% |
≥ 99.999% |
| O₂ Impurity |
≤ 30 ppm |
≤ 10 ppm |
≤ 1 ppm |
| H₂O Moisture |
≤ 20 ppm |
≤ 5 ppm |
≤ 2 ppm |
| N₂ Impurity |
≤ 20 ppm |
≤ 20 ppm |
≤ 5 ppm |
| THC |
≤ 50 ppm |
≤ 10 ppm |
≤ 1 ppm |
| CO |
≤ 10 ppm |
≤ 1 ppm |
≤ 1 ppm |
| Outlet Valve |
G5/8-14-RH-EXT |
| Cylinder Volume / Weight |
8 L (3kg), 40 L (24kg) | Fire Extinguishers MT3, MT5, MT8, MT24, MT45 |
| Cylinder Shoulder / Logo |
Black shoulder, “CO₂” logo |
| Properties / MSDS Data |
Colorless, odorless, non-flammable, asphyxiant | UN 1013 |
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